Stargazer

WALLOPS ISLAND, Va. — A high-stakes, first-of-its-kind cosmic rescue mission is officially underway. Northrop Grumman’s heavily modified Lockheed L-1011 TriStar aircraft, christened Stargazer, took off from NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility on Thursday, carrying the orbital lifeline needed to save a vital NASA’s $500 million astrophysics satellite from a solar-driven death spiral.

The aircraft, named Stargazer and operated by Northrop Grumman, departed the Virginia tarmac bound for Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Tucked securely beneath Stargazer’s belly is a three-stage Pegasus XL rocket. 

Inside its nose cone sits LINK, a highly specialized, rapidly engineered robotic spacecraft designed by Arizona-based startup Katalyst Space Technologies.

The Threat: Solar-Driven Death Spiral

The target of this rescue is NASA’s celebrated Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Launched in 2004 to study gamma-ray bursts (the universe’s most powerful explosions), the telescope has outlived its original two-year mission blueprint by more than two decades, acting as the “air traffic controller” for broad-spectrum global astrophysics.

However, Swift faces an existential crisis due to space weather. All satellites in low Earth orbit experience subtle atmospheric drag. The intense solar activity of the recent solar maximum caused Earth’s upper atmosphere to puff up and expand, subjecting Swift to extreme, unanticipated friction.

Without propulsion systems of its own to correct its path, Swift’s orbit has rapidly decayed from an initial 373 miles (600 km) down to just 230 miles (370 km). Without immediate intervention, the multi-million-dollar space telescope is projected to make a chaotic reentry and burn up in the atmosphere by the end of this year.

The Rescue Mission

To intercept Swift on an incredibly compressed timeline, Katalyst Space selected Northrop Grumman’s unique air-launch system. Rather than blasting off vertically from a traditional pad, the mission utilizes a horizontal air-launch to efficiently reach the telescope’s specific low-inclination orbit.

1.Staging at Kwajalein: Transpacific Flight
Stargazer flies across the Pacific with stopovers in California and Hawaii, positioning itself at the Ronald Reagan Space and Missile Test Range on Kwajalein Atoll.

2.The Drop and Ignition: NET June 27, 2026
Stargazer climbs to an altitude of roughly 40,000 feet. The aircraft drops the Pegasus XL rocket into free-fall; seconds later, the rocket’s first-stage solid motor ignites, carrying LINK to orbit in just 10 minutes.

3.The Rendezvous: July 2026
Once in orbit, LINK will spend three to four weeks tracking down the drifting telescope, carefully approaching it using advanced lidar sensors.

4.The Grab and Push: Late Summer 2026
LINK’s three robotic arms will latch onto ground-handling flanges on Swift’s base (which was never designed for docking). LINK will then fire its xenon Hall-effect thrusters over several months to lift the telescope back to a sustainable altitude.

High-Risk, High-Reward Spaceflight

NASA awarded Katalyst the $30 million contract in September 2025, forcing the startup to pack a typical 24-month design and manufacturing cycle into an astonishing eight months.

To buy the rescue team precious time, engineers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and Penn State University recently altered Swift’s operations, even temporarily putting its primary science instruments to sleep, to orient its solar arrays in a way that minimizes cross-sectional drag.

While allowing Swift to burn up was an option, NASA chose to fund the mission to pioneer a new era of commercial satellite servicing. 

If LINK succeeds, it will mark the first time a commercial entity has autonomously docked with and repaired an “unprepared” government spacecraft; proving that aging orbital hardware can be recycled and saved rather than abandoned as space debris.