The Vega-C is an updated version of Arianespace’s Vega rocket. Vega-C has 3 solid fuel stages, with a liquid fuelled 4th stage. This new version of the Vega rocket has been optimised for better launch performance and greater launch flexibility.

Vega-C development started in 2014, and ESA conducted its maiden flight in July 2022. The goal of the Vega-C was to meet the changing demand for less pensive launch provider options.

First Stage

Image Credit: ESA

Vega-C’s first stage uses a single P120C motor, which uses hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as its propellant. The P120C can produce on average 2,261 kN (508,000 lbf), and burns for approximately 280 seconds.

Second Stage

Image Credit: ESA

Vega-C’s second stage uses a Zefiro 40 motor with the same HTPB propellant as the first stage. The Zefiro 40 engine can produce 1,122 kN of thrust and burns for 287.5 seconds.

Third Stage

Image Credit: Arianespace

Vega-C’s third stage uses a Zefiro 9 motor and the same HTPB propellant as the first and second stages. It provides 413 kN of thrust and burns out after 295.2 seconds. This stage is identical to the 3rd stage of the original rocket

Fourth Stage

Image Credit: Arianespace

Vega-C’s fourth stage is the only liquid fueled engine on the rocket. The 4th stage uses a AVUM+ (Attitude and Vernier Upper Module). The AVUM+ uses hypergolic propellants, unsymmetrical di-methyl hydrazine (UDMH) for fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as its oxidizer. The 4th stage can burn for 314 seconds.

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